Niu Xi

• Invigorates blood, expels blood stasis - dysmenorrhea, amenorrhea, lochioschesis.
• Strengthens the sinews, bones, and joints - lower back and knee issues due to deficiency (tonifies the liver and kidneys).
• Clears damp heat in the lower burner - damp-heat pouring downward manifesting as back and knee pain, w/lin.
• Brings blood downward - yin deficiency with fire or hot blood in the upper warmer, vomiting blood, toothache, nosebleed, dizziness, headache, blurred vision (yang rising).